解剖学和形态学
麻醉学
听力与言语-语言病理学
行为科学
心脏和心血管系统
细胞和组织工程学
临床神经病学
危重症监护医学
牙科,口腔外科和医学
皮肤病学
急诊医学
内分泌学和新陈代谢
肠胃学和肝脏学
老人病学和老年医学
卫生保健科学和服务
血液学
免疫学
传染病
综合和补充性医学
医学伦理学
医学信息学
医学实验室技术
医学,全科和内科
医学,法律
医学,研究和试验
神经系统科学
护理
营养学和饮食学
产科医学和妇科医学
肿瘤学
眼科学
整形外科学
耳鼻喉科学
病理学
儿科学
周围血管疾病
药理学和药剂学
生理学
基本医疗保健
精神病学
公共、环境和职业卫生
放射学,核医学和医学成像
康复学
生殖生物学
呼吸系统
风湿病学
运动科学
外科学
毒理学
热带医学
泌尿学和肾脏学
病毒学
老年医学
健康政策和服务
心理学,临床
abstract::The current focus on networking and mutual assistance in the management of radiation accidents or incidents has demonstrated the importance of a joined-up approach in physical and biological dosimetry. To this end, the European Radiation Dosimetry Working Group 10 on 'Retrospective Dosimetry' has been set up by indivi...
journal_title:Radiation protection dosimetry
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1093/rpd/ncq499
更新日期:2011-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Realising that the major part of radiation protection efforts had been directed for over half a century at radiation protection of workers, and that there are major issues in relation to medical exposure, which contributes to over 95 % of the dose to the global population from man-made sources, with increasing individ...
journal_title:Radiation protection dosimetry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/rpd/ncr258
更新日期:2011-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The material for this study comprised control protocols from 248 mammography screening facilities, prepared by physicists employed at 16 Regional Coordinating Centres and the results from the clinical evaluation of mammographic images in 248 facilities in Poland. All mammograms were evaluated independently by three ex...
journal_title:Radiation protection dosimetry
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1093/rpd/ncr321
更新日期:2011-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::A system was developed in 2008 to calculate patient doses using Radiology Information System (RIS) data and presents these data as a patient dose audit. One of the issues with this system was the quality of user-entered data. It has been shown that Digital Imaging and Communication in Medicine (DICOM) header data can ...
journal_title:Radiation protection dosimetry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/rpd/ncr352
更新日期:2011-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::New imaging technologies utilising X rays and radiopharmaceuticals are continuously under development. The benefit of computed tomography (CT) has been so dramatic that there is a tendency to overuse it and not to place enough efforts into optimisation of the technique. It is also now more and more common to combine t...
journal_title:Radiation protection dosimetry
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1093/rpd/ncr261
更新日期:2011-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The purpose of this work is to compare different methods for shielding calculation in computed tomography (CT). The BIR-IPEM (British Institute of Radiology and Institute of Physics in Engineering in Medicine) and NCRP (National Council on Radiation Protection) method were used for shielding thickness calculation. Sca...
journal_title:Radiation protection dosimetry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/rpd/ncr287
更新日期:2011-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Current concerns focus on the high doses encountered in computed tomography (CT) examinations as they are extending towards younger and more radiosensitive patients. Previous work produced conversion coefficients for effective dose (E) from dose-length product (DLP) for four anatomical body regions applicable to any p...
journal_title:Radiation protection dosimetry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/rpd/ncr288
更新日期:2011-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::In paediatrics, the risks associated with ionising radiation should be a major concern, due to children's higher susceptibility to radiation effects. Measure entrance skin dose (ESD) in chest and pelvis X-ray projections and compare the results with the 'European guidelines on quality criteria for diagnostic radiograp...
journal_title:Radiation protection dosimetry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/rpd/ncr355
更新日期:2011-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Breast and prostatic cancer as well as leukaemia in childhood have remarkably increased over some decades in the Federal Republic of Germany as well as in several other highly developed industrial nations. Such increase was much less or not observable in East Germany between 1960 and 1989 where diagnostic exposures we...
journal_title:Radiation protection dosimetry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/rpd/ncr348
更新日期:2011-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The radiation dose to workers at nuclear power stations (NPSs) in Japan was drastically reduced between the late-1970s and the early-1990s by continuous dose-reduction programmes. The total collective dose of radiation workers in FY 2008 was 84.04 person Sv, while the average collective dose was 1.5 person Sv per reac...
journal_title:Radiation protection dosimetry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/rpd/ncr185
更新日期:2011-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::This paper describes the findings of the radiation situation analysis on-site near Sysoeva and Razbojnik Bays. The results of radiation monitoring performed by radiological laboratory of DalRAO and studies performed by the experts from the Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Centre have been used in the course of an...
journal_title:Radiation protection dosimetry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/rpd/ncr135
更新日期:2011-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::To improve a radiological protection system, the lower bound of optimisation was discussed using a newly proposed background-cancer-risk-based approach. This approach provides a new finding that the standard deviation of the background cancer risk in Japan is 7.4 × 10(-5) y(-1). If this risk level corresponding to 1σ ...
journal_title:Radiation protection dosimetry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/rpd/ncr150
更新日期:2011-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Craniospinal irradiation (CSI) is the standard treatment of primary intracranial tumour with risk of leptomeningeal dissemination. However, supine setup field-in-field technique does not need inter-fractional junction shift. Recently, the studies of CSI with tomotherapy showed excellent target coverage and tolerable n...
journal_title:Radiation protection dosimetry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/rpd/ncr190
更新日期:2011-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Particle accelerators and their surroundings are locations of residual radioactivity production that is induced by the interaction of high-energy particles with matter. This paper gives an overview of the principles of activation caused at proton accelerators, which are the main machines operated at Conseil Européen p...
journal_title:Radiation protection dosimetry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/rpd/ncr245
更新日期:2011-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Radiation particles, besides their application to fundamental research, are widely applied in all fields of science (medicine, material science, chemistry, etc.). Up to today the radiations were produced by radiation sources such as accelerators, X-ray tubes, radioactive sources with the well-known problems of costs, ...
journal_title:Radiation protection dosimetry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/rpd/ncr239
更新日期:2011-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Planning and preparation in advance for radiological emergencies can help to minimise potential public health and environmental threats if and when an actual emergency occurs. During the planning process, emergency response organisations think through how they would respond to each type of incident and the resources t...
journal_title:Radiation protection dosimetry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/rpd/ncr102
更新日期:2011-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Regional cooperation in radioactive waste management (RWM) in the Asian and Oceanic countries has been successfully developing for more than 20 y. At present, the Asian and Oceanic countries recognise that there are several projects under the regional cooperation, such as the Forum for Nuclear Cooperation in Asia (FNC...
journal_title:Radiation protection dosimetry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/rpd/ncr124
更新日期:2011-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::South coast of India is known as the high-level background radiation area (HBRA) mainly due to beach sands that contain natural radionuclides as components of the mineral monazite. The rich deposit of monazite is unevenly distributed along the coastal belt of Tamil Nadu and Kerala. An HBRA site that laid in 2×7 m alon...
journal_title:Radiation protection dosimetry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/rpd/ncr179
更新日期:2011-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Italian National Centre for Oncological Hadrontherapy is currently under construction in Pavia. It is designed for the treatment of deep-seated tumours (up to a depth of 27 cm of water equivalent) with proton and C-ion beams as well as for both clinical and radiobiological research. The particles will be accelerat...
journal_title:Radiation protection dosimetry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/rpd/ncr242
更新日期:2011-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Zircon contains small amounts of uranium, thorium and radium in its crystalline structure. The ceramic industry is one of the major consumers of zirconium compounds that are used as an ingredient at ∼10-20 % by weight in glaze. In this study, seven different ceramic factories have been investigated regarding the prese...
journal_title:Radiation protection dosimetry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/rpd/ncq441
更新日期:2011-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Measurements were made according to IEEE standard 644-1994 at a height of 1 m above floor level. It is concluded that none of the measurements exceeded the ACGIH threshold limit value. Among all control rooms the highest measured density amount is 0.69 μT in the control room of Ozgol substation and the lowest is 0.2 μ...
journal_title:Radiation protection dosimetry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/rpd/ncq445
更新日期:2011-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Representative environmental samples (sandy soil, limestone, marble and gravels) collected from Wadi El Assuity, protective area, Assuit governorate in Upper Egypt have been investigated radiometrically using NaI (Tl) gamma-ray spectrometer. The specific activity of the radionuclides in Bq kg⁻¹ for soil ranged between...
journal_title:Radiation protection dosimetry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/rpd/ncq425
更新日期:2011-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The importance of (220)Rn (thoron) progeny for human exposure has been widely recognised in the past decades. Since no stable equilibrium factor was found between indoor thoron and its progeny, and the concentration of thoron progeny varies with time, it is necessary to develop detectors for long-term measurement that...
journal_title:Radiation protection dosimetry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/rpd/ncr078
更新日期:2011-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::It is well known that there are great variations in radon concentrations in the soil gas on building sites. The concentration may sometimes vary by more than two orders of magnitude. The tectonic structure of the bedrock is one of the factors that influence the intensity of the radon outflow. The simple ARES geophysic...
journal_title:Radiation protection dosimetry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/rpd/ncr070
更新日期:2011-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::This paper summarises the results of radon diffusion coefficient measurements in 360 common waterproof materials available throughout Europe. The materials were grouped into 26 categories according to their chemical composition. It was found that the diffusion coefficients of materials used for protecting houses again...
journal_title:Radiation protection dosimetry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/rpd/ncr043
更新日期:2011-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Soil gas radon measurements are carried out in a pilot study in three municipalities in Upper Austria. The selected municipalities are characterised by a high radon potential. Sixty measuring sites--well distributed over the region and over the different geological areas--were selected. Additionally, the permeability ...
journal_title:Radiation protection dosimetry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/rpd/ncr089
更新日期:2011-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Radon diffusion coefficient is a material parameter which is usually used in the radon mitigation measures design. There are different approaches used for radon diffusion coefficient measurement and assessment. The International comparison measurement which was jointly organised by National Radiation Protection Instit...
journal_title:Radiation protection dosimetry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/rpd/ncr079
更新日期:2011-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::New radiophotoluminescence (RPL) phosphate glass containing (6)Li was successfully made from the powder of NaPO(3), Al(PO(3))(3), LiOH, HPO(3) and AgCl. The ternary diagram of NaPO(3)-Al(PO(3))(3)-LiPO(3) has clarified the region where satisfactory RPL characteristics of the glass are kept up. The synthesised phosphat...
journal_title:Radiation protection dosimetry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/rpd/ncq552
更新日期:2011-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::EURADOS working group on 'Internal Dosimetry (WG7)' represents a frame to develop activities in the field of internal exposures as coordinated actions on quality assurance (QA), research and training. The main tasks to carry out are the update of the IDEAS Guidelines as a reference document for the internal dosimetry ...
journal_title:Radiation protection dosimetry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/rpd/ncq435
更新日期:2011-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::This paper describes the results of the simulation of a radiophotoluminescent (RPL) dosemeter with the Monte Carlo transport code MCNPX. The aim of this study is to calculate the response with MCNPX of the RPL dosemeter in terms of equivalent doses H(p) (0.07) and H(p)(10) using X-ray photon radiation qualities N seri...
journal_title:Radiation protection dosimetry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/rpd/ncr009
更新日期:2011-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The position of detectors used for partial-body counters relative to a measured person has considerable influence on the counting efficiency of low-energy photon emitters. To minimise reading errors and enhance reproducibility of position data, an electronic position recording system was installed in the partial-body ...
journal_title:Radiation protection dosimetry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/rpd/ncq416
更新日期:2011-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The main purpose of Liulin-type spectrometry-dosimetry instruments (LSDIs) is cosmic radiation monitoring at the workplaces. An LSDI functionally is a low mass, low power consumption or battery-operated dosemeter. LSDIs were calibrated in a wide range of radiation fields, including radiation sources, proton and heavy-...
journal_title:Radiation protection dosimetry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/rpd/ncq506
更新日期:2011-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Amongst the dosemeters offered by the Health Protection Agency (HPA) Personal Dosimetry Service are finger rings, which use the Harshaw™ DXTRAD element. This paper describes restricted-type testing carried out by HPA on the previously untried combination of the LiF:Mg,Cu,P material and a thicker filter (42 mg cm(-2))....
journal_title:Radiation protection dosimetry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/rpd/ncq564
更新日期:2011-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::During medical X-ray examinations of patients, humans as well as animals, voluntarily assisting persons are frequently needed in order to calm down the patient or animal. Typical exposure situations have been identified and measurements were performed in the fields of scattered X-rays. The personal dose equivalent H(p...
journal_title:Radiation protection dosimetry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/rpd/ncq351
更新日期:2011-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Radium isotopes are dispersed in the environment according to their physicochemical characteristics. Considering their long half-lives and radiological effects, (226)Ra and (228)Ra are very important issues in radiological protection. In Brazil, radium isotopes represent an exposure problem both in nuclear fuel cycle ...
journal_title:Radiation protection dosimetry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/rpd/ncq434
更新日期:2011-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this paper, the results aimed at assessing the performance of two varieties of LiF detectors (LiF:Mg,Ti and LiF:Mg,Cu,P) in photon fields relatively to reproducibility, detection threshold and angular dependence as defined in the ISO 12794 standard are presented. The fading properties and the limit of detection wer...
journal_title:Radiation protection dosimetry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/rpd/ncq366
更新日期:2011-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::From feedback experience from recent radiation accident cases, in addition to biological dosimetry and physical dosimetry based on Monte Carlo calculations or experimental means, there is a need for complementary methods of dosimetry for radiation accident. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectrometry on bones o...
journal_title:Radiation protection dosimetry
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1093/rpd/ncq341
更新日期:2011-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Three widely used anthropomorphic phantoms are analysed with regard to their suitability for the efficiency calibration of whole-body counters (WBCs): a Bottle Manikin Absorber (BOMAB) phantom consisting of water-filled plastic containers, a St Petersburg block phantom (Research Institute of Sea Transport Hygiene, St ...
journal_title:Radiation protection dosimetry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/rpd/ncq320
更新日期:2011-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The accreditation of the Competent Incorporation Measuring Body at Jülich includes incorporation monitoring by means of direct measurements of the body activity as well as by means of indirect determination of the body activity by radiochemical analysis of excreta samples. In both testing areas, it proved to be very u...
journal_title:Radiation protection dosimetry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/rpd/ncq360
更新日期:2011-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The main objective of WP1 of the ORAMED (Optimization of RAdiation protection for MEDical staff) project is to obtain a set of standardised data on extremity and eye lens doses for staff in interventional radiology (IR) and cardiology (IC) and to optimise staff protection. A coordinated measurement program in differen...
journal_title:Radiation protection dosimetry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/rpd/ncq508
更新日期:2011-03-01 00:00:00